Consuming plant-based protein may help extend lifespans in adults, while animal-based protein appears more beneficial in early life, a new study has revealed.
The research, published in Nature Communications, examined the relationship between protein sources and longevity across 101 countries.
Scientists found that different protein sources offer age-specific benefits, with animal proteins supporting infant and childhood development, but plant proteins becoming more advantageous for adult longevity.
Researchers used the geometric framework for nutrition to examine how nutritional environments relate to mortality rates in different countries.
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The study specifically analysed animal-based protein (meat, poultry, seafood, dairy and eggs) and plant-based protein availability.
Food balance sheets provided data on average food availability at national levels, allowing researchers to predict how different protein sources influence longevity.
The analysis focused on two specific age points: children surviving to age 5 and adults living to age 60.
Findings revealed that higher animal-based protein supplies were associated with enhanced survival during infancy and early childhood, regardless of total calorie availability.
Researchers explained that animal proteins provide complete proteins that are more easily digestible and absorbable by young children.
These proteins also deliver essential nutrients like iron, zinc and vitamin A, which are often lacking in developing countries with high under-5 mortality rates.
Conversely, plant-based proteins became more positively influential for longevity as people aged.
The study authors noted several limitations to their research. Their findings were based on national food supply data rather than individual dietary intake.
This meant they couldn't account for many variables that influence longevity.
Analysis also couldn't differentiate between types of carbohydrates and fats, nor between processed and unprocessed animal proteins.
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Adults are encouraged to try swapping meat-heavy dishes for plant-forward alternatives
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Higher fat availability, especially in countries with abundant animal proteins, was linked to earlier mortality.
Incorporating more plant proteins into your diet doesn't require becoming fully vegetarian or vegan.
A flexitarian approach allows for gradual changes, such as adding legumes, tofu, nuts, seeds and whole grains like quinoa to meals.
Try swapping meat-heavy dishes for plant-forward alternatives, like veggie pizza instead of pepperoni or vegetable hash with eggs instead of bacon.
Combining plant and animal proteins works well in recipes like beef and bean sloppy joes or pesto chicken quinoa bowls.
