A natural compound found in common fruits and vegetables may help treat neurodegenerative diseases, according to new research.
The findings suggest the compound kaempferol shows promise as a potential treatment for conditions like ALS and dementia.
"It's exciting to discover a naturally occurring compound that may help people suffering from ALS or dementia," said Professor Smita Saxena, the study's lead author.
Kaempferol is a natural antioxidant found in endives - also known as chicory. It is also found in foods like kale and berries.
The plant compound could support nerve cell health
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Researchers found it may support nerve cell health and offer therapeutic benefits for ALS patients.
They drew this conclusion from laboratory tests using nerve cells from ALS patients. Professor Saxena explained: "We found this compound had a strong impact in terms of maintaining motor and muscle function and reducing muscle atrophy."
The study revealed that kaempferol increases cellular energy production and reduces stress in the endoplasmic reticulum, which processes proteins in cells. It also improves overall cell function and slows nerve cell damage progression.
"I believe this is one of the first compounds capable of targeting both the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria simultaneously," said Saxena.
This dual action creates a powerful neuroprotective effect. Despite its promise, kaempferol faces significant absorption challenges. The human body doesn't absorb it efficiently from vegetables, limiting its effectiveness.
"An individual with ALS would need to consume at least 10 to 11 pounds of kale in a day to obtain a beneficial dose," Saxena noted.
Another hurdle is the blood-brain barrier, which makes it difficult for larger molecules like kaempferol to reach the brain.
To overcome these challenges, Professor Saxena's team at the Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health building is developing innovative delivery methods. They're exploring lipid-based nanoparticles to improve kaempferol absorption.
Kaempferol is a natural antioxidant found in endives
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"The idea is to encapsulate kaempferol within lipid-based nanoparticles that are easily absorbed by the neurons," said Saxena.
The team is currently generating these nanoparticles and hopes to test them by year's end. Despite the challenges, kaempferol remains a promising candidate for treating ALS, particularly because it works even after symptoms begin.
The compound also shows potential for other neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Researchers are optimistic that their nanoparticle delivery system will significantly increase kaempferol's beneficial effects.
This natural compound could represent a breakthrough in treating conditions that currently have limited treatment options.
