Ovarian cysts - fluid-filled sacs that form on the ovaries - are surprisingly common in women of reproductive age, though they can also occur in postmenopausal women.
The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists notes that while the exact prevalence in this population is unknown, studies estimate the incidence could be anywhere between five and 17 per cent.
In some cases, cysts go completely unnoticed and resolve on their own. In others, they may cause serious symptoms, particularly urinary issues.
Larger ovarian cysts can press against the bladder, causing a frequent need to urinate. This pressure may also lead to pelvic discomfort and pain.
Cysts can cause a sensation of not fully emptying the bladder
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A sensation of not fully emptying the bladder can also occur, though this is less common.
Dr Masarat Jilani, a medical practitioner at Jude, highlighted that the similarity of symptoms to other conditions can make diagnosis challenging.
“These symptoms are often subtle and can overlap with many other conditions common in women at all stages of life - from puberty to menopause,” he explained.
“Unfortunately, this is why ovarian cysts can be overlooked or misdiagnosed initially.
“If you’re noticing any of the symptoms listed above - especially if they’re persistent, new, or affecting your daily life - it’s worth speaking to a GP or gynaecologist and requesting further investigation.”
Obstetrics and Gynaecology doctor Dr Brooke Vandermolen explained that some cysts carry a higher risk of being cancerous.
“This is particularly the case in postmenopausal women or those with a family history of ovarian cancer,” she noted.
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Some cysts carry a risk of becoming cancerous
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Cystadenomas are one category of cysts that develop from cells on the surface of the ovary. Another type is dermoid cysts, also known as teratomas.
“These cysts develop when cells become trapped inside ovarian tissue,” Dr Vandermolen said.
“They are most often seen in women between the ages of 20 and 40. The tumours are usually non-cancerous, but occasionally they can be cancerous.”
